tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65713203097672347822024-02-08T07:19:34.143+11:00GRAMMAR CITY & Punctuation SignsCool grammar and sharp punctuation are fun ways to express yourself
with PERSONALITY!Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-91087641234617919192013-12-29T05:02:00.000+11:002013-12-29T05:46:00.978+11:00Demonstrative Pronouns and Demonstrative Adjectives<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/pbi6XWj8UndIebLvtjkd1NMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="480" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-eXX5pExU2a0/Ur0deR10tZI/AAAAAAADEtE/2hEy5n_UC7A/s640/IMG_7931-001.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />
<br />
A demonstrative pronoun represents something or someone and performs as a noun.<br />
e.g. We are chatting about <span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">this</span> and<span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="color: cyan;">that</span></span>.<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">This</span> is Kookie speaking.<br />
<span style="color: cyan; font-size: large;">That</span> is a good idea.<br />
<br />
A demonstrative adjective performs as an adjective.<br />
e.g. <span style="color: cyan;"><span style="font-size: large;">Those</span> </span>worms were big yesterday, weren't they?<br />
<br />
The following words may be demonstrative pronouns or demonstrative adjectives.<br />
They depend on the context of the sentence.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;">near in distance or time - <span style="color: cyan;">this</span> + <span style="color: cyan;">these</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">far in distance or time - <span style="color: cyan;">that</span> + <span style="color: cyan;">those</span></span></div>
Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-6787117979889790592013-12-28T05:02:00.000+11:002013-12-28T05:02:00.055+11:00Pronouns <div style="text-align: center;">
<b>PRONOUNS REPLACE NOUNS - especially names of (or reference to) people </b><br />
<b>but there are exceptions</b><br />
<b>e.g. <span style="font-size: large;">Some</span> are available but <span style="font-size: large;">none</span> are for sale yet. - pronouns</b><br />
<table cellspacing="0" class="info-table" style="border-color: silver; border-spacing: 0px; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 0px 0px 1px; color: black; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 15px auto; padding: 0px;"><tbody>
<tr><th colspan="2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6571320309767234782" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Personal Pronouns replace proper nouns representing people - except "it"</span></th><th colspan="2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #ffe599;">(usually connect with proper or personal pronouns)</span></th><th rowspan="2" style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">Reflexive Pronouns</span></th></tr>
<tr><th style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #a2c4c9;">Subject in a sentence</span></th><th style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #a2c4c9;">Object in a sentence</span></th><th style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #a2c4c9;">possessive adjective</span></th><th style="border-color: rgb(255, 247, 221) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(170, 128, 0) rgb(255, 247, 221); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; font-size: 0.9em; font-weight: normal; padding: 2px 5px; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #a2c4c9;">possessive pronoun</span></th></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6571320309767234782" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<span style="color: red;">I</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">me</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">my</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">mine</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">myself</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">you</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">you</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">your</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">yours</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">yourself</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">he</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">him</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">his</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">his</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">himself</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">she</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">her</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">her</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">hers</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">herself</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">it</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">it</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">its</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">its</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">itself</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6571320309767234782" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="color: red;">we</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">us</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">our</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">ours</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">ourselves</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">you</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">you</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">your</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">yours</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">yourselves</span></td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">they</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;">INTERROGATIVE</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">PRONOUNS</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">who</span><br />
<span style="color: red; font-size: 0.85em; text-align: center;">which </span><br />
<span style="color: red;">what</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">them</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;">INTERROGATIVE</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">PRONOUNS</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">whom </span><br />
<span style="color: red;">which </span><br />
<span style="color: red;">what</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">their</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;">INTERROGATIVE</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">ADJECTIVES</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">whose</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">which</span><br />
<span style="color: red;">what</span></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">theirs</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<br /></td><td style="border-bottom-color: silver; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-right-color: silver; border-right-style: solid; border-right-width: 1px; font-size: 0.85em; padding: 3px 5px; vertical-align: top;"><span style="color: red;">themselves</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6571320309767234782" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
Personal and interrogative pronouns stand alone.<br />
Possessive and interrogative adjectives qualify another noun<br />
- often a common noun but may be an abstract noun.<br />
Possessive pronouns stand alone.<br />
Reflexive pronouns stand alone.<br />
<br />
<br />
e.g. 1. <span style="color: red;">I </span>warned <span style="color: red;">her</span> that <span style="color: red;">her</span> bag may be searched as it used to be <span style="color: red;">mine</span> but <span style="color: red;">she </span>was determined to face that problem <span style="color: red;">herself</span>.<br />
2. <span style="color: red;">Who</span> is responsible for <span style="color: red;">what </span>bag?<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>NOTE</b><br />
1. The first <i>her</i> in the sentence is an object of <i>warned</i>, so it is a personal pronoun.<br />
The second <i>her</i> is a possessive adjective qualifying the noun <i>bag</i>.<br />
2. <i>who</i> - interrogative pronoun - stands alone<br />
<i>what</i> - interrogative adjective - qualifies the noun <i>bag</i>.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">INDEFINITE PRONOUNS</span></b><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">someone</span><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">somebody</span><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">everyone</span><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">everybody</span><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">anyone</span><br />
<span style="color: #6fa8dc;">anybody</span></div>
Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-72429523618863978322013-12-27T10:10:00.003+11:002013-12-27T10:51:26.590+11:00Prepositions<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/fTcjZGokkEB06hh53MWSytMTjNZETYmyPJy0liipFm0?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="640" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/-YGVg2HiJ_jc/UryySXf77kI/AAAAAAADEsM/__uX4wIATME/s640/IMG_8188-001.JPG" width="480" /></a><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Prepositions are link words beginning phrases.</b><br />
<b>They link the trunk of the sentence with: </b><br />
<b>the branches of time and/or place + manner + reason - adverbial phrase/s qualifying the verb</b><br />
<b>+</b><br />
<b>the descriptive branches - adjectival phrase - qualifying the</b><b> noun</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><i>I read the book</i> - main trunk of the sentence.</b><br />
<b><i>about dreams</i> - adjectival phrase qualifying <i>book</i>. </b><br />
<b>It begins with the preposition <i>about</i>. </b><br />
<b><i>in the afternoon</i> - adverbial phrase of time qualifying the verb <i>read</i>. </b><br />
<b>It begins with the preposition <i>in</i>.</b><br />
<b><i>beneath the tree</i> - adverbial phrase of place qualifying the verb <i>read</i>. </b><br />
<b>It begins with the preposition <i>beneath</i>.</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">NOTE</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">** prepositions are usually monosyllabic - one syllable</span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">+</span></b><br />
<b>** Phrases do NOT contain a verb</b><br />
<b>** A group of 3 words usually = a phrase</b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>+</b><br />
<b>for a full list of prepositions see</b><br />
<b><a href="http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepositions">English Grammar 4U Online</a></b><br />
<b>(exercises are included)</b></div>
Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-19347225220373836162012-02-10T21:49:00.002+11:002012-02-11T10:17:58.584+11:00A Video Dedicated to Commas<div style="text-align: center;"><embed src="http://c.brightcove.com/services/viewer/federated_f9?isVid=1&isUI=1" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" flashvars="videoId=948065692001&playerID=940636289001&playerKey=AQ~~,AAAA2uzqQrE~,6OG0BmXJ4lLjPBIrsIprnJtmkHdesQfW&domain=embed&dynamicStreaming=true" base="http://admin.brightcove.com" name="flashObj" width="480" height="270" seamlesstabbing="false" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" swliveconnect="true" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/shockwave/download/index.cgi?P1_Prod_Version=ShockwaveFlash"></embed></div>Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-50318429375381540582011-07-24T07:53:00.003+10:002014-05-18T23:02:46.938+10:00Adverbs + Adverbial Phrases ~ Specify details of verbs<div align="center">
<a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/HuUuw7M4uPmpHDql5B8iwg?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="640" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/-C4wf8t39BIs/TitCULb2D0I/AAAAAAACUes/h3q6JEuV7v0/s640/IMG_2156.JPG" width="480" /></a><br />
Adverbs and adverbial phrases qualify verbs.<br />
They add colour and interest to the action in a sentence.<br />
<br />
1. <strong><span style="color: #3333ff;">Adverb</span></strong> - One word qualifies a verb. Most adverbs end in "-ly".<br />
2.<strong><span style="color: #3333ff;"> Adverbial phrase</span></strong> involves two or more words qualifying the verb.</div>
<div align="center">
The phrase may involve:</div>
<div align="center">
two adverbs e.g. <span style="color: #a2c4c9;"><i>quite fast</i></span></div>
<div align="center">
OR</div>
<div align="center">
begin with a preposition</div>
<div align="center">
<i><span style="color: #a2c4c9;">at the station</span></i> - adverbial phrase of place beginning with the prepositon <span style="color: #a2c4c9;"><i>at</i></span>.<br />
3. Adverbs and adverbial phrases answer:<br />
<span style="color: #3333ff; font-size: 130%;"><strong>how</strong></span> - most adverbs answer this question<br />
<span style="font-size: 130%;"><strong><span style="color: #3333ff;">when<br />where<br />why</span></strong></span><br />
e.g. <strong><span style="color: #3333ff;">In the Winter</span></strong>, many surfers enjoy riding the chilly waves <strong><span style="color: #3333ff;">with excitement</span></strong>.<br />
<strong><span style="color: #3333ff;"><em>In the Winter</em></span></strong> - adverbial phrase of time<br />
<strong><em><span style="color: #3333ff;">with excitement</span></em></strong> - adverbial phrase of manner<br />
NOTE: <em>chilly</em> ends in "-ly" but look at this word's position in the sentence.<br />
It is an adjective describing <em>waves</em>.<br />
(And <em>waves</em> is not automatically a verb. Here it is a noun.)<br />
Before identifying a word's role in a sentence, check where it is in the sentence.<br />
In other words, check the <strong><span style="font-size: 180%;">context</span></strong>.</div>
Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-4618966433616045042011-04-13T08:20:00.004+10:002012-02-11T10:17:03.771+11:00Active and Passive Voice<div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/vu5qDNV2xokMGHJqyephQw?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="472" src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/_jPLh0HLfTrA/TaTPclPXXpI/AAAAAAACOtc/mxVKUm9z270/s640/IMG_9806.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />Pic by G.W. aka P.A. ~ An excerpt from an article in <em>Royal Auto</em> magazine.<br />The traveller's tale is written mostly in active voice so that the reader feels close to the journey.<br />~<br /><a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/RFHGW-qIHn4mAtWhPR0tuA?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="480" src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/_jPLh0HLfTrA/TaS8K1fXX8I/AAAAAAACOsc/tIesB6yud5w/s640/IMG_2988.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />Pic by G.W. aka P.A. ~ Sign at Coolart, Mornington Peninsula<br />~<br /><br /><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: x-large;"><strong>ACTIVE VOICE</strong></span> ~ When the subject of the verb does the action of the verb, then the whole sentence is in the active voice.<br />e.g.<br />1. He <span style="font-size: large;">walks</span> the dog along the beach in all weathers.<br />2. He<span style="font-size: large;"> is walking</span> the dog along the beach today.<br />3. He <span style="font-size: large;">has been walking</span> the dog along the beach today.<br />4. He <span style="font-size: large;">walked/was walking</span> the dog along the beach today.<br /><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><strong><span style="color: #3d85c6;">When to use the active voice</span></strong>:</span><br />(a) This is the preferred form in essays, with particular preference for 1. and 4. ("walked" NOT "was walking") above. It is a compact, direct style, keeping attention on the topic of the essay rather than on complicated grammatical issues.<br />(b) In creative writing, this form can create a sense of immediate drama.<br /><br /><span style="color: #6fa8dc; font-size: x-large;"><strong>PASSIVE VOICE</strong></span> ~ When the subject of the verb is being acted upon, then the whole sentence is in the passive voice.<br />1. The dog is being walked by the man along the beach today.<br />2. The dog was/has been walked by the man along the beach today.<br /><br /><span style="color: #3d85c6; font-size: x-large;"><strong>When to use the passive voice</strong></span>:<br />(a) If a word needs special emphasis, then the passive voice may be preferred. In the first example above, attention is drawn to the dog rather than the man. But notice that more verb elements are needed to achieve this + the preposition "by" is included!<br />NOTE: Signs (like the one above for the Old Buttery) often take short cuts and avoid the extra words.<br />(b) In creative writing, this form may create a slowly paced drama or narrative (for tension).</div>Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-85157636544291703242010-12-15T18:13:00.012+11:002012-02-11T10:16:38.838+11:00ADJECTIVES ~ Specify details of nouns<p align="center"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/x-DoEsH5Ju98EqVa83Ztw3sf8dxgkA6w4wQfSlPolHs?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiE94Vl0iWvJJJmQto_MZ7HPDdaiV20XczvgVmSJxBfROVA8VRpD1-ZTPcGlGZZB0jKstJ5V-RhvUxK5EvuEueAeMpjcrmO3nI2__Sws67lQhqoK_OQfg6qaC8rKpS8B9ApsPtoMZlQzQE/s640/IMG_4821.JPG" width="480" /></a><br /><strong><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">ADJECTIVES ~ specify/describe details about nouns and usually appear directly before the noun.</span> <span style="color:#ff9900;">Most are called "descriptive adjectives".</span></span></strong></p><strong><span style="font-size:180%;"></span></strong><p align="center"><strong><br />1. Adjectives may specify:<br />colour<br />size<br />number (<span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;">numerical adjectives e.g. "40" in the poster while the adverb "nearly" modifies it</span>)<br />general identity (<span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;">demonstrative adjectives</span> e.g. this, that, these, those)<br />specific national/racial/city identity (<span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;">proper adjectives</span> from proper nouns e.g. Australian, Chinese, American, Melbournian)<br />feature<br />perspective<br /><br />2. Adjectives may use:<br />nouns as adjectives<br />e.g. In the above poster, the <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;">compound adjective</span> <em>gap year</em> describes <em>organisation</em>. Both <em>gap</em> and <em>year</em> are usually used as nouns.<br /><br />3. Adjectives follow the noun when any part of the verb "to be" is used:<br />e.g. Hobart is/was/will be <em>cold</em> and <em>windy</em>.<br />The words <em>cold</em> and <em>windy</em> are adjectives describing a perspective of Hobart.<br /><br />4. Some adjectives are used in a comparison.<br />e.g. Brisbane is <em>hot</em>. Cape York is <em>hotter</em>.<br />When used in this way, they are known as <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff9900;">comparative adjectives</span>.</strong><br /><strong><span style="color:#ffff33;">Comparative adjectives involve degree.<br />(a) The base is known as the <span style="color:#999999;"><span style="font-size:130%;">positive</span> </span>form<br />e.g, strong, funny, red, good, bad<br />(b) The next stage, comparing two items, is known as the <span style="font-size:130%;color:#999999;">comparative</span> form<br />e.g. stronger, funnier OR more funny, redder, better, worse<br />(c) The last stage, comparing three or more items, is known as the <span style="color:#999999;"><span style="font-size:130%;">superlative</span> </span>form.<br />e.g. strongest, funniest OR most funny, reddest, best, worst</span></strong> </p>Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-8559758675289260282010-12-14T07:22:00.009+11:002012-02-11T10:16:20.115+11:00VERBS ~ The action in the sentence<p align="center"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/Z4laTonHuLxoNY96euoB4Hsf8dxgkA6w4wQfSlPolHs?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr5nGH3KzllC_gk8P8OKwgtG2qV1XXnCxVlzaSreZIjog0HFGovdkAsQwStEK3FwfyNJTnnTlsXuK7zPZy8-p-PEeNZrLG8ZGBFxdICU5RoD0jkoqv2h0aeiLT3Iln4ZlRT7dL7uXT8h8/s640/IMG_0668.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />Pic by G.W. aka P.A. ~ A wintry view of the wild surf at Gunnamatta, Mornington Peninsula<br />~<br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;"><strong>ALL SENTENCES NEED/MUST HAVE AT LEAST ONE VERB TO EXIST AND TO MAKE SENSE!<br /><br />Using the photo above, there are:<br />simple verbs = one word = <em>tumble</em><br />compound verbs = two or more words = <em>is fascinated</em><br />*infinitives = base form of verbs that begin with "to" (may act as the subject or object of a sentence) = <em>to surf</em></strong><br /></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Using the photo above, the action may be<br />physical = <strong><em>tumble</em></strong><br />mental = <strong><em>longs</em></strong></span><br /><br /><strong><span style="color:#ffff00;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Verbs are created in the present, past or future tense.<br />This is the time of the action.<br /></span>All the verbs in the picture are in the present tense.<br /></span><span style="color:#ffff33;">The action is happening NOW.<br /></span>The past tense of these sentences would be:<br />1. The mother <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ffff33;">longed </span>to surf. </strong><strong><br />(NOTICE THAT THE INFINITIVE IS THE OBJECT IN THE SENTENCE, SO IT DOES NOT CHANGE!<br /><span style="color:#ff9900;"><span style="font-size:130%;">To surf</span> was a dream for the mother.<br />Now the infinitive is the subject of the sentence.</span>)<br />2. The waves <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ffff00;">tumbled</span> in to shore.<br />3. The child <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ffff00;">was fascinated</span> by the waves.<br />4. Footprints <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ffff00;">etched</span> the sand.<br />5. The sand <span style="font-size:130%;color:#ffff00;">was</span> damp.<br /></strong>~</p>Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6571320309767234782.post-6286647622687845512010-12-13T18:00:00.007+11:002012-02-11T10:15:58.616+11:00NOUNS ~ Common + Proper + Abstract + Collective<p align="center"><a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/0hPmgTl0fL-aUT8H6E0g5Sg8YC6zhlbxWxoV20X-qFE?feat=embedwebsite"><img height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9eBnZQwVKEXzaadBy2wOB7Y7ipv8bJCh-j1nzndKpbywuopJQ-JUzbaYwxkHg6OD9EqCjP6Fm1gxGHYNxWCTeAhdnJ54wfjcxjsaWpup8wjIIR1ersgDcJnc8hlcOKUJykvPNxPofzys/s640/IMG_4716.JPG" width="640" /></a><br />Pic by G.W. aka P.A. ~ A view of Safety Beach on Port Phillip Bay<br />~<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:180%;"><span style="color:#ff0000;">NOUNS ARE NAMES/TITLES OF OBJECTS, BOOKS, BUSINESSES, SCHOOLS, PEOPLE, PLACES, SHIPS, FEELINGS OR IDEAS</span><br /></span></strong><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Common nouns</span></strong> (able to be seen) are names of objects which are identified by a lower case letter.<br />e.g. water, sand, sky, table, computer<br />+<br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Compound nouns</span></strong> are two or more words that together name a single object.<br />e.g. power lines, boat shed, book shelf<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Abstract nouns</span></strong> (unseen) are names of feelings or ideas which are identified by a lower case letter.<br />e.g. communication, security, love (may be a verb too), idea, feeling, shame<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Collective nouns</span></strong> are special names for a group of living or non-living things.<br />e.g. <strong><span style="font-size:130%;">herd</span></strong> of cattle, <strong><span style="font-size:130%;">flock</span></strong> of birds, <span style="font-size:130%;"><strong>pride</strong></span> of lions, <strong><span style="font-size:130%;">gaggle</span></strong> of geese, <strong><span style="font-size:130%;">nest</span></strong> of tables<br /><br /><strong><span style="font-size:130%;color:#ff0000;">Proper nouns</span></strong> are names/titles of books, movies, TV shows, hurricanes, businesses, schools, people, nationalities, religions, art styles, eras, places or ships which are identified by a capital letter. </p>Gemma Wisemanhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17466540188839321484noreply@blogger.com0